Oomazibuthe bahambe umgama omde ukususela kwimihla yobutsha bakho xa wawuchitha iiyure ulungisa ezomagnethi zealfabhethi zeplastiki ezinemibala eqaqambileyo kumnyango wefriji kamama wakho.Iimagnethi zanamhlanje zomelele kunangaphambili kwaye iindidi zazo zibenza babe luncedo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo.
Umhlaba onqabileyo kunye neemagnethi zeceramic - ngakumbi iimagnethi ezinkulu ezinqabileyo zomhlaba - ziguqule amashishini amaninzi kunye namashishini ngokwandisa inani lezicelo okanye ukwenza izicelo ezikhoyo zisebenze ngakumbi.Ngelixa abanini bamashishini abaninzi bezazi ezi magnethi, ukuqonda ukuba yintoni eyenza zahluke kunokubhida.Nalu uluhlu olukhawulezayo lweyantlukwano phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zemagnethi, kunye nesishwankathelo soncedo olunxulumeneyo kunye nokungalunganga:
Umhlaba onqabileyo
Ezi magnethi zinamandla kakhulu zinokuqulunqwa nokuba yi-neodymium okanye i-samarium, zombini ezo ziyinxalenye ye-lanthanide yezinto.I-Samarium yaqala ukusetyenziswa ngo-1970, kunye nemagnethi ye-neodymium eqala ukusetyenziswa kwi-1980s.Zombini i-neodymium kunye ne-samarium zimagnethi ezinamandla ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwaye zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso kubandakanya ezona turbines zinamandla kunye neejenereyitha kunye nezicelo zesayensi.
Neodymium
Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yimagnethi ye-NdFeB yezinto eziziquletheyo-i-neodymium, intsimbi kunye ne-boron, okanye nje i-NIB-imagnethi ze-neodymium zezona magnethi zinamandla ezikhoyo.Ubuninzi bemveliso yamandla (BHmax) yala mamagnethi, emele amandla angundoqo, ingaba ngaphezu kwe-50MGOe.
Loo BHmax ephakamileyo - malunga namaxesha angama-10 aphezulu ngaphezu kwemagnethi ye-ceramic - yenza ukuba ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwezinye izicelo, kodwa kukho i-tradeoff: i-neodymium inokumelana okuphantsi koxinzelelo lwe-thermal, oku kuthetha ukuba xa idlula ubushushu obuthile, iya kulahlekelwa amandla ayo. ukusebenza.I-Tmax yemagnethi ye-neodymium yi-150 degrees Celsius, malunga nesiqingatha se-samarium cobalt okanye i-ceramic.(Qaphela ukuba ubushushu obuchanekileyo apho iimagnethi ziphulukana namandla azo xa zibekwe kubushushu zinokwahluka ngandlel’ ithile ngokusekelwe kwingxubevange.)
Iimagnethi nazo zinokuthelekiswa ngokusekelwe kwiTcurie yazo.Xa iimagnethi zifudunyezwa kumaqondo obushushu adlula i-Tmax yazo, kumaxesha amaninzi zinokuphinda ziphile xa sele zipholile;I-Tcurie yiqondo lokushisa elingaphaya kokungabikho kokubuyisela.Kwimagnethi ye-neodymium, iTcurie yi-310 degrees Celsius;iimagnethi ze-neodymium ezifudunyezwe ukuya okanye ngaphaya kwelo qondo lobushushu aziyi kukwazi ukuphinda zisebenze xa zipholile.Zombini i-samarium kunye neemagnethi ze-ceramic zine-Tcuries ephezulu, ezenza zibe lukhetho olungcono kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu.
Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zixhathisa ngokugqithisileyo ekubeni zingabi namagnethi ngenxa yemagnethi yangaphandle, kodwa ziye zithande ukurusa kwaye uninzi lweemagnethi zigqunywe ukubonelela ngokhuseleko kumhlwa.
Samarium Cobalt
ISamarium cobalt, okanye iSaCo, oomazibuthe baye bafumaneka ngoo-1970, kwaye ukususela ngoko, baye basetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo.Nangona ingenamandla njengemagnethi ye-neodymium - imagnethi ye-samarium cobalt iqhele ukuba ne-BHmax emalunga nama-26 - ezi magnethi zinenzuzo yokukwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunemagnethi ye-neodymium.I-Tmax yemagnethi ye-cobalt ye-samarium yi-300 degrees Celsius, kwaye i-Tcurie ingaba yi-750 degrees celsius.Amandla azo anxulumeneyo adityaniswe namandla awo okumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu awenza alungele ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphezulu.Ngokungafaniyo nemagnethi ye-neodymium, imagnethi ye-cobalt ye-samarium inokumelana kakuhle nokubola;zikwathanda ukuba nexabiso eliphezulu kunemagnethi ye-neodymium.
I-Ceramic
Yenziwe nge-barium ferrite okanye i-strontium, iimagnethi ze-ceramic zide zijikeleze kunemagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwaye zaqala ukusetyenziswa ngoo-1960.Iimagnethi zeCeramic zixabisa kancinane kunemagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kodwa azomelelanga kangako ngeBHmax eqhelekileyo emalunga ne-3.5 – malunga neshumi okanye ngaphantsi kwemagnethi ye-neodymium okanye ye-samarium cobalt.
Ngokumalunga nobushushu, iimagnethi zeceramic zineTmax ye-300 degrees celcius kwaye, njengemagnethi yesamarium, iTcurie ye-460 degrees Celsius.Iimagnethi zeCeramic zixhathisa kakhulu ekudlekeni kwaye zihlala zingadingi naluphi na ukhuso olukhuselayo.Zilula ukwenza imagneti kwaye azibizi kakhulu kunemagnethi ye-neodymium okanye ye-samarium cobalt;nangona kunjalo, iimagnethi zeceramic zibuthathaka kakhulu, zibenza ukhetho olungalunganga lwezicelo ezibandakanya ukuguquguquka okubalulekileyo okanye uxinzelelo.Iimagnethi zeCeramic zidla ngokusetyenziselwa imiboniso yaseklasini kunye nezicelo ezingenamandla kangako kwimizi-mveliso neshishini, ezinje ngeejenereyitha zomgangatho ophantsi okanye iiinjini zomoya.Zisenokusetyenziswa kwizicelo zasekhaya kunye nokuveliswa kwamaphepha omagnetic kunye neempawu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-09-2022
